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Soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore spaces located between them (Marshall & Holmes, 1979). [1] Aggregation is the result of the interaction of soil particles through rearrangement, flocculation and cementation.
Soil temperature is important for the survival and early growth of seedlings. [92] Soil temperatures affect the anatomical and morphological character of root systems. [93] All physical, chemical, and biological processes in soil and roots are affected in particular because of the increased viscosities of water and protoplasm at low ...
Above-ground and below-ground biodiversities are tightly interconnected, [157] [208] making soil protection of paramount importance for any restoration or conservation plan. The biological component of soil is an extremely important carbon sink since about 57% of the biotic content is carbon.
Classification of the types of grains present in a soil does not [clarification needed] account for important effects of the structure or fabric of the soil, terms that describe compactness of the particles and patterns in the arrangement of particles in a load carrying framework as well as the pore size and pore fluid distributions ...
When a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts with the foundation and the soil, and thus changes the motion of the ground. Soil-structure interaction broadly can be divided into two phenomena: a) kinematic interaction and b) inertial interaction. Earthquake ground motion causes soil displacement known as free-field ...
Soil functions are general capabilities of soils that are important for various agricultural, environmental, nature protection, landscape architecture and urban applications. Soil can perform many functions and these include functions related to the natural ecosystems, agricultural productivity, environmental quality, source of raw material ...
Soil macropores are a vital part of soil structure and their conservation is critical to sustainable management of our soil resources. This is particularly true to soils that are constantly subject to human disturbance, such as tilled agricultural fields where the shape and size of macropores can be altered by tillage.
Plants can form new chemicals that can break down minerals, both directly [101] and indirectly through mycorrhizal fungi [25] and rhizosphere bacteria, [102] and improve the soil structure. [103] The type and amount of vegetation depend on climate, topography, soil characteristics and biological factors, mediated or not by human activities.