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It is organized as a 501(c) corporation and has at least 190 chapters within the United States. The NBCC also has international chapters in the Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Ghana and Jamaica. [1] As with all Chambers of Commerce, affiliate branches are committed to carrying out the goals of the main Chamber within their areas.
First African-American woman licensed to practice law in Illinois, and the third in the United States Charlotte E. Ray (1850–1911) [14] First Black American female lawyer in the United States Scovel Richardson (1912–1982) [15] Party to a housing desegregation case anticipating Shelley v. Kraemer; also a judge in federal courts from 1957
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the term "African American" includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the ...
The United States has had five African-American elected office holders prior to 1867. After Congress passed the First Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 and ratified the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870, African Americans began to be elected or appointed to national, state, county and local offices throughout the ...
This is a list of African Americans who have served in statewide elected executive offices in the United States, whether they were elected, succeeded or appointed to such elected office. These state constitutional officers have their duties and qualifications mandated in state constitutions.
Kamala Harris is the highest-ranking black person to serve in a Cabinet as Vice President of the United States. Colin Powell (left) and Condoleezza Rice (right) are the highest-ranking black Jamaican-American and Black-American to lead the Federal Executive Department ; each held the post of Secretary of State .
The Black Chamber, officially the Cable and Telegraph Section and also known as the Cipher Bureau, [clarification needed] was the first peacetime cryptanalytic organization in the United States, operating from 1917 to 1929. It was a forerunner of the National Security Agency (NSA).
1815 caricature of the cabinet noir, Bodleian Libraries. In France, the cabinet noir (French pronunciation: [kabinɛ nwaʁ]; French for "black room", also known as the "dark chamber" or "black chamber") was a government intelligence-gathering office, usually within a postal service, where correspondence between persons or entities was opened and read by government officials before being ...