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It is organized as a 501(c) corporation and has at least 190 chapters within the United States. The NBCC also has international chapters in the Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Ghana and Jamaica. [1] As with all Chambers of Commerce, affiliate branches are committed to carrying out the goals of the main Chamber within their areas.
Proposition 209 (also known as the California Civil Rights Initiative or CCRI) is a California ballot proposition which, upon approval in November 1996, amended the state constitution to prohibit state governmental institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting, and ...
Oakland has been noted for being a center of Northern California's black population, with it being at least 25% black as of 2020. Many African Americans who settled in California, likewise in Oakland, worked on the railroad in Oakland and East Bay areas in the early-to-mid 1900s. [81] In 2020, anti-Black hate crimes in California has increased.
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the term "African American" includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the ...
This is a list of African Americans who have served in statewide elected executive offices in the United States, whether they were elected, succeeded or appointed to such elected office. These state constitutional officers have their duties and qualifications mandated in state constitutions.
It seeks to increase African American participation and representation in all levels of government. Since the formation of the California Legislative Black Caucus (LBC), the core mission of the LBC has been to close (and, ultimately, to eliminate) disparities that exist between African-Americans and white Americans in every aspect of life. [1]
First African-American to serve on the California Supreme Court: Wiley W. Manuel First African-American speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives, and of any state legislature in the United States since Reconstruction: K. Leroy Irvis First African-American woman elected to the Wisconsin Legislature: Marcia P. Coggs
The California Chamber of Commerce (CalChamber) is a broad-based business advocacy group in California, United States, originating as the California State Board of Trade in 1890. Its membership includes large and small firms from every industry, representing one-quarter of the private sector jobs in California.