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The points P 1, P 2, and P 3 (in blue) are collinear and belong to the graph of x 3 + 3 / 2 x 2 − 5 / 2 x + 5 / 4 . The points T 1, T 2, and T 3 (in red) are the intersections of the (dotted) tangent lines to the graph at these points with the graph itself. They are collinear too.
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
According to Brooks' theorem every connected cubic graph other than the complete graph K 4 has a vertex coloring with at most three colors. Therefore, every connected cubic graph other than K 4 has an independent set of at least n/3 vertices, where n is the number of vertices in the graph: for instance, the largest color class in a 3-coloring has at least this many vertices.
Regular graphs of degree at most 2 are easy to classify: a 0-regular graph consists of disconnected vertices, a 1-regular graph consists of disconnected edges, and a 2-regular graph consists of a disjoint union of cycles and infinite chains. A 3-regular graph is known as a cubic graph.
The number of connected simple cubic graphs on 4, 6, 8, 10, ... vertices is 1, 2, 5, 19, ... (sequence A002851 in the OEIS).A classification according to edge connectivity is made as follows: the 1-connected and 2-connected graphs are defined as usual.
The black dot shows the point with coordinates x = 2, y = 3, and z = 4, or (2, 3, 4). A Cartesian coordinate system for a three-dimensional space consists of an ordered triplet of lines (the axes ) that go through a common point (the origin ), and are pair-wise perpendicular; an orientation for each axis; and a single unit of length for all ...
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
The web graph W 4,2 is a cube. The web graph W n,r is a graph consisting of r concentric copies of the cycle graph C n, with corresponding vertices connected by "spokes". Thus W n,1 is the same graph as C n, and W n,2 is a prism. A web graph has also been defined as a prism graph Y n+1, 3, with the edges of the outer cycle removed. [7] [10]