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Good X is an inferior good since the amount bought decreases from X1 to X2 as income increases. In economics, inferior goods are those goods the demand for which falls with increase in income of the consumer. So, there is an inverse relationship between income of the consumer and the demand for inferior goods. [1]
Engels curves showing income elasticity of demand (YED) of normal goods (comprising luxury (red) and necessity goods (yellow)), perfectly inelastic (green) and inferior goods (blue) In economics, superior goods or luxury goods make up a larger proportion of consumption as income rises, and therefore are a type of normal goods in consumer theory.
Luxury goods also have a positive correlation of demand and income, but with luxury goods, a greater proportion of peoples income are spent on a luxury item, for example, a sports car. On the other hand, with inferior or normal goods, people spend a lesser proportion of their income.
A positive income elasticity of demand is associated with normal goods; an increase in income will lead to a rise in quantity demanded. If income elasticity of demand of a commodity is less than 1, it is a necessity good. If the elasticity of demand is greater than 1, it is a luxury good or a superior good.
A good's Engel curve reflects its income elasticity and indicates whether the good is an inferior, normal, or luxury good. Empirical Engel curves are close to linear for some goods, and highly nonlinear for others. For normal goods, the Engel curve has a positive gradient. That is, as income increases, the quantity demanded increases.
The Income elastitcty of demand thus allows goods to be broadly categorised as Normal goods and Inferior goods. A positive measurement suggests that the good is a normal good, and a negative measurement suggests an inferior good. The Income elasticity of demand effectively represents a consumers idea as to whether a good is a luxury or a necessity.
Meanwhile, a trip to Aspen, Colorado, transformed my definition of luxury. In Paris and New York, five-star hotels and Michelin-star restaurants coexist alongside $1 pizza and cheap crepe carts.
the good in question must be an inferior good, there must be a lack of close substitute goods, and; the goods must constitute a substantial percentage of the buyer's income, but not such a substantial percentage of the buyer's income that none of the associated normal goods are consumed.