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2. Fixed exchange rate system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system

   A fixed exchange rate, often called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime in which a currency's value is fixed or pegged by a monetary authority against the value of another currency, a basket of other currencies, or another measure of value, such as gold. There are benefits and risks to using a fixed exchange rate system.

3. Nixon shock - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock

   The Nixon shock was the effect of a series of economic measures, including wage and price freezes, surcharges on imports, and the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold, taken by United States president Richard Nixon on 15 August 1971 in response to increasing inflation.

4. Band of fluctuation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_of_fluctuation

   The IMF created a fixed exchange rate system for the first time in July 1944, in which its members agreed on administratively fixed US dollar currency parities and/or gold parities. The US $ currency parity indicated how many units of a foreign currency were equivalent to one US dollar. [2] The gold parities and/or US $ parities were used to ...

5. Smithsonian Agreement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Agreement

   The Smithsonian Agreement was created when the Group of Ten (G-10) states (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States) raised the price of gold to 38 dollars, an 8.5% increase over the previous price at which the US government had promised to redeem dollars for gold. In ...

6. List of countries by exchange rate regime - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

   De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2] Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor Monetary aggregate target (25) Inflation Targeting framework (45) Others (43) US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador ...

7. Bretton Woods system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system

   The price of gold, as denominated in US dollars, was stable until the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the mid-1970s. The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, and Australia and other countries, a total of 44 countries [1] after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.