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A map of California tribal groups and languages at the time of European contact. The Indigenous peoples of California are the Indigenous inhabitants who have previously lived or currently live within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans.
Many places throughout the U.S. state of California take their names from the languages of the indigenous Native American/American Indian tribes. The following list includes settlements, geographic features, and political subdivisions whose names are derived from these indigenous languages.
Map of the Costanoan languages and major villages. Over 50 villages and tribes of the Ohlone (also known as Costanoan) Native American people have been identified as existing in Northern California circa 1769 in the regions of the San Francisco Peninsula, Santa Clara Valley, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley.
Populations are the total census counts and include non-Native American people as well, sometimes making up a majority of the residents. The total population of all of them is 1,043,762. [citation needed] A Bureau of Indian Affairs map of Indian reservations belonging to federally recognized tribes in the continental United States
In the 21st century, language revitalization began among some California tribes. [13] The Land Back movement has taken shape in the state with more support to return land to tribes. [14] [15] [16] There is a growing recognition by California of Native peoples' environmental knowledge to improve ecosystems and mitigate wildfires. [17]
The following is a partial list of United States of America (U.S.) communities with Native-American majority populations. It includes United States cities and towns in which a majority (over half) of the population is Native American (American Indian or Alaska Native), according to data from the 2020 Census.
Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Berkeley, Calif.: California Book Company. p. 465 (map of villages). Milliken, Randall (1995). A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1910. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. ISBN 0-87919-132-5 (alk. paper). Teixeira, Lauren (1997).
List of federally recognized tribes by state: As of May 2013, there were 566 Native American tribes legally recognized by the U.S. Government, according to the article, "List of federally recognized tribes." Native Americans in the United States