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Unlike many compounds with the acet-prefix which have a 2-carbon chain, acetone has a 3-carbon chain. That has caused confusion because there cannot be a ketone with 2 carbons. The prefix refers to acetone's relation to vinegar (acetum in Latin, also the source of the words "acid" and "acetic"), rather than its chemical structure. [28]
The acetone is then washed away with high pressure liquid carbon dioxide, the industry standard now that freon is unavailable. The liquid carbon dioxide is then heated until its temperature goes beyond the critical point, at which time the pressure can be gradually released, allowing the gas to escape and leaving a dried product.
It decomposes at a moderate reaction rate into acetone and carbon dioxide: CH 3 C(O)CH 2 CO 2 H → CH 3 C(O)CH 3 + CO 2. The acid form has a half-life of 140 minutes at 37 °C in water, whereas the basic form (the anion) has a half-life of 130 hours. That is, it reacts about 55 times more slowly. [8]
Exceptionally carbon dioxide can be produced as a cold solid known as dry ice, which sublimes as it warms in ambient conditions, the properties of carbon dioxide are such that it cannot be liquid at a pressure below its triple point of 5.1 bar. [30] Acetylene is also supplied differently.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) is a specialty solvent that may be obtained from hemicellulose. Ethyl lactate, made from lactic acid obtained from corn starch, is notably used as a mixture with other solvents in some paint strippers and cleaners. [6] Ethyl lactate has replaced solvents such as toluene, acetone, and xylene in some applications.
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In the presence of excess oxygen, hydrocarbons combust. With, however, careful conditions, which have been optimized for many years, partial oxidation results. Useful compounds can obtained in this way: maleic acid from butane, terephthalic acid from xylenes, acetone together with phenol from cumene (isopropylbenzene), and cyclohexanone from ...
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