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Eastwards expansion was followed by the Russian colonization of North America across the Pacific Ocean. Russian promyshlenniki (trappers and hunters) quickly developed the maritime fur trade, which instigated several conflicts between the Aleuts and Russians in the 1760s.
Russian colonial possessions in the Americas were collectively known as Russian America (Russian: Русская Америка, romanized: Russkaya Amerika; 1799 to 1867). It consisted mostly of present-day Alaska in the United States , but also included the outpost of Fort Ross in California .
This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Russia .
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
States that were able to settle the land with tax-paying peasants could significantly increase their power. From 1500 to 1800, this region came under Russian control. "The history of Russia is the history of a country being colonized....migration and colonization of the country have been fundamental facts of our history.."
The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862) Medieval Russian states around 1470, including Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, Ryazan, Rostov and Moscow Expansion and territorial evolution of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire between the 14th and 20th centuries Location of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union in 1956–1991
A timeline of some key events: 1945-1948 — Japan’s colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula ends with Tokyo’s World War II defeat in 1945 but the peninsula is eventually divided into a Soviet ...
The Penguin historical atlas of Russia (Viking, 1995), new topical maps. Chew, Allen F. An atlas of Russian history: eleven centuries of changing borders (Yale UP, 1970), new topical maps. Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of Russian history (Oxford UP, 1993), new topical maps. Parker, William Henry. An historical geography of Russia (Aldine, 1968).