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Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule (e.g., with the sequence 3′-CCCAAUCCC-5′ in Trypanosoma brucei) [3] which is used as a template when it elongates telomeres. Telomerase is active in gametes and most cancer cells, but is normally absent in most somatic cells.
In this role, she led a research team in studying 39 women between the ages of 20 and 50 who experienced stress as caregivers of chronically ill children. They examined the telomeres and telomerase in women. Their results indicated that doctors could monitor telomere length and telomerase levels for signs of adverse effects.
In most multicellular eukaryotic organisms, telomerase is active only in germ cells, some types of stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, and certain white blood cells. [9] Telomerase can be reactivated and telomeres restored to the embryonic state by somatic cell nuclear transfer. [18]
Human chromosomes (grey) capped by telomeres (white). A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) 'end' and μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences).
Thyroid hormone replacement with levothyroxine treats hypothyroidism. [3] Medical professionals adjust the dose according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. [3] Thyroid medication is safe in pregnancy. [3] Although an adequate amount of dietary iodine is important, too much may worsen specific forms of hypothyroidism ...
The enzyme, originally called "telomere terminal transferase," is now known as telomerase. Telomerase rebuilds the tips of chromosomes and determines the life span of cells. [11] Greider's additional research to confirm her discovery was largely focused on identifying the mechanism that telomerase uses for elongation. [12]