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A Chinese Song dynasty naval river ship with a Xuanfeng traction-trebuchet catapult on its top deck, taken from an illustration of the Wujing Zongyao (1044 AD). One of the oldest known Chinese books written on naval matters was the Yuejueshu (Lost Records of the State of Yue) of 52 AD, attributed to the Han dynasty scholar Yuan Kang. [1]
The military of the Han dynasty was the military apparatus of China from 202 BC to 220 AD, ... Deck ships resembled a cage with thick planking above deck, on deck and ...
A Song dynasty louchuan with a trebuchet, depicted in the Wujing Zongyao. Louchuan (traditional Chinese: 樓船; simplified Chinese: 楼船; pinyin: lóuchuán; lit. 'tower ships') were a type of Chinese naval vessels, primarily a floating fortress, which have seen use since the Han dynasty.
A stipulation requiring ships to return within 9 months was added by the second half of the 11th century, which limited the range of Chinese vessels. [24]: 21–22 Needham's Science and Civilisation in China provided some descriptions of the large junk ship during the Song dynasty. Chin scholar in 1190 described the ships in the form of a poem:
In 1975, an ancient shipyard excavated in Guangzhou was dated to the early Han dynasty (202 BC – AD 220) and, with three platforms, was able to construct ships that were approximately 30 m (98 ft) in length, 8 m (26 ft) in width, and could hold a weight of 60 metric tons. [3]
Han dynasty emperors and their successors maintained commercial and diplomatic ties with various South and Southeast Asian kingdoms. Han dynasty ships traveled as far as India, expanding the horizon for new foreign markets for Chinese goods and services through maritime trade within the orbit of the Indian Ocean. [39]
K'un-lun po (also called Kun-lun po, Kunlun po, or K'un-lun bo; Chinese: 崑崙舶) were ancient sailing ships used by Austronesian sailors from Maritime Southeast Asia, described by Chinese records from the Han dynasty. In the first millennium AD, these ships connected trade routes between India and China. Ships of this type were still in use ...
The Battle of Red Cliffs, also known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. [4] It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the end of the Han dynasty.