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However, a rarely recognized factor of tattoo removal is the role of the patient's immune response. [55] The normal process of tattoo removal is fragmentation followed by phagocytosis, which is then drained away via the lymphatics. Consequently, it is the inflammation resulting from the actual laser treatment and the natural stimulation of the ...
Particles created by laser tattoo removal treatments may be small enough that they are carried away by the lymphatic system and excreted, but this is not always the case; [24] the laser technology used for removal and the composition of the pigment(s) being removed are variable.
A decorative tattoo over mastectomy scars (see before image), chosen in lieu of restorative tattoos that replicate the nipple and areola (see example) [31]: 11 . The use of flesh-like medical tattoos to cover up skin conditions and surgical scars is a long-established practice, dating to the German doctor Pauli in 1835, who used mercury sulfide and white lead to tattoo over skin lesions ...
"As a skin cancer surgeon, there are many instances in which I have had to surgically remove skin cancers from tattooed skin or next to tattooed skin, which runs the risk of distorting the tattoo ...
Methods other than laser tattoo removal methods include dermabrasion, salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), reduction techniques, cryosurgery and excision—which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos. These older methods, however, have been nearly completely replaced by laser removal treatment options.
As with tattoos, permanent makeup can be difficult, or even impossible, to remove. [12] Common techniques used for this are laser tattoo removal, dermabrasion (physical or chemical exfoliation), and surgical removal. [23] Different types of chemical removals have also become a popular option for permanent makeup removal.
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