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The Old French pronunciations are likely derived from simplification of labial-affricate sequences [99] such as [pt͡ʃ bd͡ʒ md͡ʒ] [100] or [vd͡ʒ]. [97] These may have developed from palatalized labial consonants by means of offglide consonantization (as in Balkan Romance); [97] e.g. [pʲ] > [pt͡ʃ] > [t͡ʃ].
This use of accents is generally mandatory only to indicate stress on a word-final vowel; elsewhere, accents are generally found only in dictionaries. Since final o is hardly ever close-mid, ó is very rarely encountered in written Italian (e.g. metró, "subway", from the original French pronunciation of métro with a final-stressed /o/).
Occitan (English: / ˈ ɒ k s ɪ t ən,-t æ n,-t ɑː n /; [12] [13] Occitan pronunciation: [utsiˈta, uksiˈta]), [a] also known as lenga d'òc (Occitan: [ˈleŋɡɒ ˈðɔ(k)] ⓘ; French: langue d'oc) by its native speakers, sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia ...
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
A few common words, however, show an early merger with ō /oː/, evidently reflecting a generalization of the popular Roman pronunciation: [citation needed] e.g. French queue, Italian coda /koda/, Occitan co(d)a, Romanian coadă (all meaning "tail") must all derive from cōda rather than Classical cauda. [95]
To express the repetition of a previous musical theme, French would exclusively use the Italian term coda. résumé in North American English, a document listing one's qualifications for employment. In French, it means summary; French speakers would use instead curriculum vitæ, or its abbreviation, C.V. (like most other English speakers).
In Italian phonemic distinction between long and short vowels is rare and limited to a few words and one morphological class, namely the pair composed by the first and third person of the historic past in verbs of the third conjugation—compare sentii (/senˈtiː/, "I felt/heard'), and sentì (/senˈti/, "he felt/heard").
Although the name Franco-Provençal suggests it is a bridge dialect between French and the Provençal dialect of Occitan, it is a separate Gallo-Romance language that transitions into the Oïl languages Burgundian and Frainc-Comtou to the northwest, into Romansh to the east, into the Gallo-Italic Piemontese to the southeast, and finally into the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan to the southwest.