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Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.
This is a list of [[White blood cell|immune cell], also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders .
The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. [57] B cells are involved in the humoral immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response.
29851 54167 Ensembl ENSG00000163600 ENSMUSG00000026009 UniProt Q9Y6W8 Q9WVS0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012092 NM_017480 RefSeq (protein) NP_036224 NP_059508 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 203.94 – 203.96 Mb Chr 1: 61.02 – 61.04 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Inducible T-cell costimulator (also called CD278) is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS (I ...
T H 1 cells play an important role in classical macrophage activation as part of type 1 immune response against intracellular pathogens (such as intracellular bacteria) that can survive and replicate inside host cells, especially those pathogens that replicate even after being phagocytosed by macrophages. [45]
The word 'phagocyte' literally means 'eating cell'. These are immune cells that engulf, or 'phagocytose', pathogens or particles. To engulf a particle or pathogen, a phagocyte extends portions of its plasma membrane, wrapping the membrane around the particle until it is enveloped (i.e., the particle is now inside the cell
This cytokine—a class of signaling molecule [39] —kills cancer cells and cells infected by viruses, and helps to activate the other cells of the immune system. [ 40 ] In some diseases, e.g., the rare chronic granulomatous disease , the efficiency of phagocytes is impaired, and recurrent bacterial infections are a problem. [ 41 ]
In anatomy the term reticuloendothelial system (abbreviated RES), often associated nowadays with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), was employed by the beginning of the 20th century to denote a system of specialised cells that effectively clear colloidal vital stains (so called because they stain living cells) from the blood circulation.