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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by an excess of androgens produced by the ovaries. It is estimated that approximately 90% of women with PCOS demonstrate hypersecretion of these hormones. [18] The cause of this condition is unknown.
Androgens are synthesized from cholesterol and are produced primarily in the gonads (testicles and ovaries) and also in the adrenal glands. The testicles produce a much higher quantity than the ovaries. Conversion of testosterone to the more potent DHT occurs in prostate gland, liver, brain and skin.
A depiction of the ovarian cycle in animals. In human adult females, the primordial follicle is composed of a single oocyte surrounded by a layer of closely associated granulosa cells. In early stages of the ovarian cycle, the developing follicle acquires a layer of connective tissue and associated blood vessels. This covering is called the theca.
Stimulate erythrocyte production 26 Follicle-stimulating hormone: FSH Peptide: anterior pituitary: gonadotrope: FSH receptor → cAMP: In female: stimulates maturation of Graafian follicles in ovary. In male: spermatogenesis, enhances production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes. 27 Galanin: GAL Peptide
Order of changes in ovary. 1 - Menstruation 2 - Developing follicle 3 - Mature follicle 4 - Ovulation 5 - Corpus luteum 6 - Deterioration of corpus luteum. In biology, folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte.
These cells, located in the ovarian interstitial tissue, contribute to the production of androgens, including testosterone, which plays a significant role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and overall reproductive health in women.
Hyperthecosis, or ovarian hyperthecosis, is hyperplasia of the theca interna of the ovary. [1] Hyperthecosis occurs when an area of luteinization occurs along with stromal hyperplasia. The luteinized cells produce androgens , which may lead to hirsutism and virilization (or masculinization) in affected women.
Activin is produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, placenta, and other organs: In the ovarian follicle, activin increases FSH binding and FSH-induced aromatization. It participates in androgen synthesis enhancing LH action in the ovary and testis. In the male, activin enhances spermatogenesis.
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