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In early spring the females nest on land, along the banks of small ponds. After the 4–6 week embryonic period, the larvae hatch and make their way to the adjacent pond. Four-toed salamanders undergo a relatively short aquatic larval period, when compared to other species of the same family, ranging between 3 and 6 weeks. [3] [4] [6]
Several species of salamanders are endemic to specific cave systems in Texas. Due to their small habitat and specified role, many are threatened or endangered. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] In 2019, researchers associated with the University of Texas Austin and Texas Parks and Wildlife announced the discovery of an additional three species of spring and cave ...
The Texas salamander grows from 2 to 4 in (5.1 to 10.2 cm) in length. It is brown in color, often with yellow or brown mottling, with light-yellow spotting down its back. It is neotenic , with a slender body, short limbs, and bright-red external gills .
This list of reptiles of Texas includes the snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles native to the U.S. state of Texas.. Texas has a large range of habitats, from swamps, coastal marshes and pine forests in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the center, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west, and grassland prairie in the north.
These salamanders can also be found under rocks or gravel, within aquatic vegetation, and algae. [4] Barton Springs salamanders can live in water depths ranging from 0.1 to 5 metres (0.33 to 16.40 ft). [4] The springs in which these salamanders inhabit flow year-round and retain a constant temperature of around 20 °C (68 °F). [1]
Plethodon is part of the family Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders) and the subfamily Plethodontinae.The genus Plethodon can be divided into two subgenera: the nominal subgenus Plethodon, which includes up to 49 eastern species (the bulk of diversity in the genus), and the subgenus Hightonia, [5] which includes 9 species native to the western part of North America.
The mass courtship of salamanders is known a congress. The congressing event takes place each spring and this migration of salamanders to vernal pools and is known as the Big Night. [3] [4] The reason it is referred to as a big night is because there is a large number of salamanders moving at the same time. Warmer air and loose soil coupled ...
San Marcos River, located in Hays County, Texas, is the only known location of the San Marcos salamander. The population estimate in 1973 was about 20,880 salamanders living in the uppermost reaches of Spring Lake. [8] An estimate in 1993 suggested about 30,451 salamanders across all ranges of Spring Lake and up to 150 metres (490 ft) downstream.