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Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n /), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat, fish, seed oils, vegetables, and dietary supplements .
A ubiquinol is an electron-rich (reduced) form of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone). The term most often refers to ubiquinol-10 , with a 10-unit tail most commonly found in humans. The natural ubiquinol form of coenzyme Q is 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-poly prenyl-1,4-benzoquinol, where the polyprenylated side-chain is 9-10 units long in mammals .
The International Coenzyme Q10 Association is a nonprofit association originally based in Ancona, Italy and currently in Seville, Spain.Since its establishment in 1997, it has promoted biochemical and clinical research on the substance Coenzyme Q10 in an attempt to increase the body of knowledge about the preventive and therapeutic health effects of Coenzyme Q10.
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The head and the tail section are joined in a condensation reaction. Ubiquinol is converted from ubiquinone by oxidoreductase enzymes. [25] In the Coenzyme Q10 cycle, all three redox forms of Coenzyme Q10 – ubiquinone, ubiquinol, and the unstable intermediate form semiubiquinone – are converted from one form to the other. [26]
Ubiquinol (QH 2) binds to the Q o site of complex III via hydrogen bonding to His182 of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and Glu272 of Cytochrome b. Ubiquinone (Q), in turn, binds the Q i site of complex III. Ubiquinol is divergently oxidized (gives up one electron each) to the Rieske iron-sulfur '(FeS) protein' and to the b L heme.
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