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The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths, and sometimes the lanthanides or lanthanoids (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), [1] are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals. Compounds containing rare ...
Rare-earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison. A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes in pegmatites. This would be associated with alkaline magmas or with carbonatite ...
Ferrofluid on glass, with a rare-earth magnet underneath. A rare-earth magnet is a strong permanent magnet made from alloys of rare-earth elements.Developed in the 1970s and 1980s, rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made, producing significantly stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets.
Rare earths are a group of 17 metals used to make magnets that turn power into motion for electric vehicles, cell phones and other electronics. Phoenix says its process can produce rare earths ...
Rare earth elements are used in a wide range of consumer products, from iPhones to electric car motors, as well as military jet engines, satellites and lasers. Rising tensions between the United ...
The term rare-earth element or rare-earth metal is often used to include the stable group 3 elements Sc, Y, and Lu in addition to the 4f elements. [8] All lanthanide elements form trivalent cations, Ln 3+, whose chemistry is largely determined by the ionic radius, which decreases steadily from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu).
China supplied 80% of the rare earths imported by the United States from 2014 to 2017. Rare earth elements are used in a wide range of consumer products, from iPhones to electric car motors, as ...
Bastnäsite ore is typically used to produce rare-earth metals. The following steps and process flow diagram detail the rare-earth-metal extraction process from the ore. [13] [14] After extraction, bastnasite ore is typically used in this process, with an average of 7% REO (rare-earth oxides).