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Drug expiration. Drug expiration is the date after which a drug might not be suitable for use as manufactured. Consumers can determine the shelf life for a drug by checking its pharmaceutical packaging for an expiration date. Drugs which are past their shelf life can decompose [1] and either be ineffective [2] or even harmful. [2]
The absolute bioavailability is the dose-corrected area under curve (AUC) non-intravenous divided by AUC intravenous. The formula for calculating the absolute bioavailability, F, of a drug administered orally (po) is given below (where D is dose administered). Therefore, a drug given by the intravenous route will have an absolute ...
Clearance (pharmacology) In pharmacology, clearance ( ) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination. This is the rate of elimination of a substance divided by its concentration. [1] The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time.
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (C max) to half of C max in the blood plasma. [1][2][3][4][5] It is denoted by the abbreviation . [2][4] This is used to measure the removal of ...
Statins are linked to better health outcomes in older adults over the age of 70 with or ... throughout the body. ... their quality-adjusted life years by 0.24-0.70, and those on higher-intensity ...
Women on average also tend to be smaller than men, which means the medications may be more effective for them, Shah says. “They’re going to affect someone with less body mass than someone with ...
A V D greater than the total volume of body water (approximately 42 liters in humans [5]) is possible, and would indicate that the drug is highly distributed into tissue. In other words, the volume of distribution is smaller in the drug staying in the plasma than that of a drug that is widely distributed in tissues. [6]
Diazepam. Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [14] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [14]