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Climate of Mars. Mars' cloudy sky as seen by Perseverance rover in 2023, sol 738. The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope. Although Mars is smaller than the Earth ...
The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (2.85%), and argon (2%). [3] It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and noble gases. [3][5][2] The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner and colder than Earth's having a max ...
Olympus Mons (/ əˌlɪmpəs ˈmɒnz, oʊ -/; [4] Latin for ' Mount Olympus ') is a large shield volcano on Mars. It is over 21.9 km (13.6 mi; 72,000 ft) high as measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), [5] about 2.5 times the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. It is Mars's tallest volcano, its tallest planetary mountain ...
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron (III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname " the Red Planet ". [22][23] Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky, and its high-contrast albedo features have made it a common subject for telescope viewing.
Hellas Planitia / ˈhɛləs pləˈnɪʃiə / is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas[a] located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. [3] Hellas is the third- or fourth-largest known impact crater in the Solar System. The basin floor is about 7,152 m (23,465 ft) deep, 3,000 m (9,800 ft) deeper than the ...
Surface temperature; Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Sun: N/A 5,000,000 K In a solar flare [33] 1240 K In a sunspot [34] Mercury: 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) Caloris Montes, northwest Caloris Basin rim mountains [35] [36] 723 K Dayside of Mercury [37] 89 K Permanently shaded polar craters [38] Venus: 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) Maxwell Montes ...
The Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) is a radiometer that looks both down and horizontally through the atmosphere in order to quantify the atmosphere's vertical variations. It has one visible/near infrared channel (0.3 to 3.0 μm) and eight far infrared (12 to 50 μm) channels selected for the purpose. MCS observes the atmosphere on the horizon of ...
Geology of Mars. Generalised geological map of Mars [1] Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology.