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According to Ennis, "Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action."
Some theorists understand logical reasoning in a wide sense that is roughly equivalent to critical thinking. In this regard, it encompasses cognitive skills besides the ability to draw conclusions from premises. Examples are skills to generate and evaluate reasons and to assess the reliability of information.
The application of critical thinking includes self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective habits of the mind, [2] thus Critical Thinking is an acquired skill used to evaluate data. [3] Richard W. Paul said that the mind of a critical thinker engages the person's intellectual abilities and personality traits. [4]
Critical thinking, as defined by Johnson, is the evaluation of an intellectual product (an argument, an explanation, a theory) in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. [17] While critical thinking will include evaluation of arguments and hence require skills of argumentation including informal logic, critical thinking requires additional ...
Harold Innis. Harold Adams Innis FRSC (November 5, 1894 – November 8, 1952) was a Canadian professor of political economy at the University of Toronto and the author of seminal works on media, communication theory, and Canadian economic history. He helped develop the staples thesis, which holds that Canada's culture, political history, and ...
Critical understanding is a term used commonly in education to define a mode of thinking, described as, ‘an essential tool for participating in democratic processes, at whatever level.’. [1] It is a defensible position reached through the examination of ideas, issues or sources. It is achieved through reflecting upon, analysing and ...
Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]
0-316-17791-1. Preceded by. Masterthinker's Handbook (1985) Followed by. I Am Right, You Are Wrong (1991) Six Thinking Hats was written by Dr. Edward de Bono. "Six Thinking Hats" and the associated idea parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more ...