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Lever rule. In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (xi) or the mass fraction (wi) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
Eutectic system. A phase diagram for a fictitious binary chemical mixture (with the two components denoted by A and B) used to depict the eutectic composition, temperature, and point. (L denotes the liquid state.) A eutectic system or eutectic mixture (/ juːˈtɛktɪk / yoo-TEK-tik) [1] is a type of a homogeneous mixture that has a melting ...
Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force. The model for this is the law of the lever. Machine components designed to manage forces and movement in this way ...
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. [1] For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on. In this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus ...
Scheil equation. In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy. Solidification of a binary Cu Zn alloy, lever rule, with composition of 30% of Zinc in weight, using open version of Computherm Pandat. Solidification -using the Scheil rule - of a binary Cu Zn ...
A machine used in schools to demonstrate the action of a screw, from 1912. It consists of a threaded shaft through a threaded hole in a stationary mount. When the crank on the right is turned, the shaft moves horizontally through the hole. The screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque (rotational force ...
The Method of Mechanical Theorems. The Method of Mechanical Theorems ( Greek: Περὶ μηχανικῶν θεωρημάτων πρὸς Ἐρατοσθένη ἔφοδος ), also referred to as The Method, is one of the major surviving works of the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes. The Method takes the form of a letter from Archimedes to ...
Maxwell construction. In thermodynamic equilibrium, a necessary condition for stability is that pressure, , does not increase with volume, or molar volume, ; this is expressed mathematically as , where is the temperature. [1] This basic stability requirement, and similar ones for other conjugate pairs of variables, is violated in analytic ...