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  2. The clash between the Church and the Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_clash_between_the...

    The latest episode in the struggle between the Church and the Empire pitted Frederick II against Popes Gregory IX and Innocent IV. As the heir to the Norman kingdom of Sicily, which he inherited from his mother, Frederick II sought to reorganize it into a centralized, modern state with ambitions to conquer the entirety of Italy. [ 22 ]

  3. Investiture Controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy

    Woodcut of a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office, Philip Van Ness Myers, 1905. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (‹See Tfd› German: Investiturstreit, pronounced [ɪnvɛstiˈtuːɐ̯ˌʃtʁaɪt] ⓘ) was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) [1] and abbots of ...

  4. Constantine the Great and Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and...

    Emperors considered themselves responsible to the gods for the spiritual health of their subjects, and after Constantine they had a duty to help the Church define and maintain orthodoxy. [40] The Church generally regarded the definition of doctrine as the responsibility of the bishops ; the emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out ...

  5. European wars of religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion

    The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe during the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries. [1][2] Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe, or Christendom. Other motives during the wars involved revolt, territorial ...

  6. History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Church_of...

    The church had attempted unsuccessfully to institute the United Order numerous times, most recently during the Mormon Reformation. In 1874, Young once again attempted to establish a permanent Order, which he now called the "United Order of Enoch" in at least 200 Mormon communities, beginning in St. George, Utah on February 9, 1874.

  7. On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Babylonian...

    Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (Latin: De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae, praeludium Martini Lutheri, October 1520) was the second of the three major treatises published by Martin Luther in 1520, coming after the Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (August 1520) and before On the Freedom of a Christian (November 1520).

  8. Little Peace of the Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Peace_of_the_Church

    The " Little Peace of the Church " was a roughly 40-year period in the latter 3rd century in the history of the Roman Empire during which Christianity flourished without official suppression from the central government. It is particularly associated with the reign of Gallienus (253–268), [1][2] who issued the first official declaration of ...

  9. French Wars of Religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion

    The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [1] One of its most notorious episodes was the ...