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Shortwave radiation (optics) Spectral intensity of sunlight (average at top of atmosphere) and thermal radiation emitted by Earth's surface. Shortwave radiation (SW) is thermal radiation in the optical spectrum, including visible (VIS), near- ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared ...
Atmospheric windows are useful for astronomy, remote sensing, telecommunications and other science and technology applications. In the study of the greenhouse effect, the term atmospheric window may be limited to mean the infrared window, which is the primary escape route for a fraction of the thermal radiation emitted near the surface. [4][5 ...
Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) Earth's energy budget (in W/m 2) determines the climate. It is the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation and can be measured by satellites. The Earth's energy imbalance is the "net absorbed" energy amount and grew from +0.6 W/m 2 (2009 est. [ 8 ]) to above +1.0 W/m 2 in 2019.
The infrared atmospheric window refers to a region of the infrared spectrum where there is relatively little absorption of terrestrial thermal radiation by atmospheric gases. [1] The window plays an important role in the atmospheric greenhouse effect by maintaining the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing IR to space.
The runaway greenhouse effect can be seen as a limit on a planet's outgoing longwave radiation that, when surpassed, results in a state where water cannot exist in its liquid form (hence, the oceans have all "boiled away"). [ 3 ] A planet's outgoing longwave radiation is limited by this evaporated water, which is an effective greenhouse gas and ...
The incoming energy from the Sun is in the form of short wave electromagnetic radiation, chiefly visible and short-wave (near) infrared. The outgoing energy is in the form of long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic energy. These processes are part of the greenhouse effect. Climate models vary in complexity. For example, a simple radiant heat ...
In the study of heat transfer, Schwarzschild's equation[1][2][3] is used to calculate radiative transfer (energy transfer via electromagnetic radiation) through a medium in local thermodynamic equilibrium that both absorbs and emits radiation. The incremental change in spectral intensity, [4] (dIλ, [W/sr/m 2 /μm]) at a given wavelength as ...
The Madden–Julian oscillation moves eastward at between 4 m/s (14 km/h, 9 mph) and 8 m/s (29 km/h, 18 mph) across the tropics, crossing the Earth's tropics in 30 to 60 days—with the active phase of the MJO tracked by the degree of outgoing long wave radiation, which is measured by infrared-sensing geostationary weather satellites. The lower ...