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2. Small-cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma

   Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...

3. Lung cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

   Lung cancer is the most diagnosed and deadliest cancer worldwide, with 2.2 million cases in 2020 resulting in 1.8 million deaths. [3] Lung cancer is rare in those younger than 40; the average age at diagnosis is 70 years, and the average age at death 72. [2] Incidence and outcomes vary widely across the world, depending on patterns of tobacco use.

4. Limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-stage_small_cell...

   Small cell lung cancer is often treated as a systematic disease due to its tendency for early dissemination, [4] thus, instead of the traditional TNM staging system, the Veterans' Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) introduced a simplified 2-stage system in the 1950s to divide small cell lung cancer into limited stage and extensive stage. [7]

5. Lung cancer susceptibility - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer_susceptibility

   Lung cancer is one of the most lethal and common forms of cancer worldwide. Pollution, smoking (active and passive), radiation (in the form of x-rays or gamma rays) [1] and asbestos are risk factors for lung cancer. Symptoms may include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, and swelling of the neck and face.

6. Radiation-induced cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer

   Radiation hormesis is the conjecture that a low level of ionizing radiation (i.e., near the level of Earth's natural background radiation) helps "immunize" cells against DNA damage from other causes (such as free radicals or larger doses of ionizing radiation), and decreases the risk of cancer. The theory proposes that such low levels activate ...

7. Health effects of tobacco - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

   The risk of developing lung cancer increases with the number of years smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. [67] Smoking can be linked to all subtypes of lung cancer. Small-cell carcinoma (SCLC) is the most closely associated with almost 100% of cases occurring in smokers. [68]