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The French system has undergone a reform, the Bologna process, which aims at creating European standards for university studies, most notably a similar time-frame everywhere, with three years devoted to the bachelor's degree ("Licence" in French), two for the Master's degree, and three for the doctorate.
The collège is the first level of secondary education in the French educational system.A pupil attending collège is called collégien (boy) or collégienne (girl). Men and women teachers at the collège- and lycée-level are called professeur (no official feminine professional form exists in France although the feminine form "professeure" has appeared and seems to be gaining some ground in ...
Though it has only existed in its present form as a school-leaving examination since Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's implementation on March 17, 1808, its origins date back to the first medieval French universities. [1] According to French law, the baccalaureate is the first academic degree, though it grants the completion of secondary education. [2]
Throughout the Reign of Terror, methods to improve the French education system were often discussed but were not implemented. For example, Nicolas de Condorcet, a renowned French philosopher and political scientist, drew up an extensive plan for universal French education that was not adopted due to costly military operations abroad.
The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) scale is gaining popularity in the post-secondary education system [citation needed], since it is the standard for comparing study performance throughout the European Union. The GPA grading scale is becoming more and more common as well since it eases the comparison with American students.
The education system in France can be traced back to the Roman Empire. Schools may have operated continuously from the later empire to the early Middle Ages in some towns in southern France. The school system was modernized during the French Revolution, but roughly in the 18th and early 19th century debates ranged on the role of religion.
In the French education system, a master's degree is both a national higher education diploma and a university degree.The Diplôme National de Master (in English: "National master's degree") is delivered by an academic institution, usually a university, two years after obtaining a Diplôme National de Licence or a Licence (French equivalent of a Bachelor's degree, worth 300 ECTS) or any other ...
The following summarizes basic academic ranks in the French higher education system. Most academic institutions are state-run and most academics with permanent positions are civil servants, and thus are tenured (after a one-year probationary period). Several parallel career paths exist, depending on the type of institution.