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Thymoglobulin and Atgam are currently licensed for use in the treatment of renal allograft rejection; Atgam is additionally licensed for use in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Both drugs are used in off-label applications, especially as immunosuppression induction agents before and/or during kidney transplantation.
Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and lupus. [12] [13] Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. [13] It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [13]
Muromonab-CD3 (brand name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant medication given to reduce acute rejection in people with organ transplants. [1] [2] It is a monoclonal antibody targeted at the CD3 receptor, [3] a membrane protein on the surface of T cells.
Kidney transplantation is a life-extending procedure. [87] The typical patient will live 10 to 15 years longer with a kidney transplant than if kept on dialysis. [88] The increase in longevity is greater for younger patients, but even 75-year-old recipients (the oldest group for which there is data) gain an average four more years of life.
Calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine have been linked with post-transplant malignancies and skin cancers in organ transplant recipients. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The results of several studies suggest that calcineurin inhibitors have ...
Azathioprine is used alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection following organ transplantation, and to treat an array of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease, and other forms of vasculitis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (Devic's ...
Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions. [1] [2] In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. [3]
Tissue transplantation has undergone drastic advancements since the discovery of adaptive immunity for tissue rejection by Brazilian-British biologist Peter Medawar in the 1950s. [8] This has led to the development of immunosuppressive drugs, such as Azathioprine (Imuran), which has been widely used in tissue transplantation since the 1960s. [9]