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The Zulu Kingdom (/ ˈ z uː l uː / ZOO-loo; Zulu: KwaZulu), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire, was a monarchy in Southern Africa.During the 1810s, Shaka established a standing army that consolidated rival clans and built a large following which ruled a wide expanse of Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to the Pongola ...
The Zulu were eventually overpowered by superior British technology. [83] The Anglo-Zulu war resulted in the absorption of traditional Zululand into the British Cape Colony. The second conflict also involved Zulu and British colonials. Bambatha, a leader of the Zondi clan led a rebellion against British authority in the Natal province.
The British eventually won the war, ending Zulu dominance of the region. The British made the Zulu Kingdom a protectorate and later annexed it by the British Empire in 1887. But the war did shatter prior colonial notions of British invincibility, due to their massive early defeats.
During the ongoing Anglo-Zulu Wars, the British eventually established their control over what was then named Zululand, and is today known as KwaZulu-Natal. The British turned to India to resolve their labour shortage, as Zulu men refused to adopt the servile position of labourers and in 1860 the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 ...
The Battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi (Zulu: oNdini) on 4 July 1879 and was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War.The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and burning the royal kraal of oNdini.
In 1887 the British annexed Zululand, effectively mediatising the Zulu dynasty as paramount chiefs in the region. [2] The Zulu people and dynasty retained their distinct cultural identity and a measure of independence under the governments of South Africa through the establishment of Zululand as a bantustan and the subsequent abolition of ...
Lord Chelmsford, the Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the war, initially planned a five-pronged invasion of Zululand consisting of over 16,500 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as he was concerned that the Zulus would avoid battle, slip around the British and over the Tugela, and ...
Frere drew up the ultimatum in the expectation that Cetshwayo would reject it and allow Frere to begin hostilities with the view to annexing Zululand. [6] [7] The ultimatum expired on 11 January 1879 and British forces invaded Zululand, beginning the Anglo-Zulu War that eventually saw the defeat of the Zulu. [8]