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The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Marxist–Leninist regime in Poland after the end of World War II.These years, while featuring general industrialization, urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living, were marred by early Stalinist repressions, social unrest, political strife and severe economic difficulties.
In 1939, World War II began and Poland was conquered by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The government of the Polish Republic went into exile. In 1942, Polish communists backed by the Soviet Union in German-occupied Poland established a new Polish communist party, the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR).
On 29 December 1989 the Sejm amended the constitution to change the official name of the country from the People's Republic of Poland to the Republic of Poland. The communist Polish United Workers' Party dissolved itself on 29 January 1990 and transformed itself into the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland. [45]
Polish–Russian War (1609–1618) begins 1618: Signing of the Truce of Deulino concludes the Polish–Russian War 1620–1621: Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621). 1625: Signing of the Treaty of Kurukove: 1629: Signing of the Truce of Altmark: 1632: September - November: 1632 Polish–Lithuanian royal election: Smolensk War begins April 30 ...
However, preoccupied with the civil war, it did not have the resources to react swiftly to the national rebellions. [20] Map of areas where Polish was used as a primary language in 1916 (published in post-1918 Poland) In November 1918, Poland became a sovereign state.
Poland was hostile to the Republic of China, which had retreated to Taiwan following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War and was viewed as an illegitimate state by Poland's government. The seizure of the cargo ships Praca and Prezydent Gottwald in 1953 and 1954, respectively, particularly inflamed tensions between the two countries.
The Commonwealth forces did well in the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), but the result was the permanent division of Ukraine between Poland and Russia, as agreed to in the Truce of Andrusovo (1667). [42] Towards the end of the war, the Lubomirski's rebellion, a major magnate revolt against the king, destabilized and weakened the country.
The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact , Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September .