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Hicetas and Ecphantus, two Pythagoreans of the 5th century BC, and Heraclides Ponticus in the 4th century BC, believed that the Earth rotated on its axis but remained at the center of the universe. [26] Such a system still qualifies as geocentric. It was revived in the Middle Ages by Jean Buridan.
5th century – Martianus Capella describes a modified geocentric model, in which the Earth is at rest in the center of the universe and circled by the Moon, the Sun, three planets and the stars, while Mercury and Venus circle the Sun, all surrounded by the sphere of fixed stars.
An astronomical system positing that the Earth, Moon, Sun, and planets revolve around an unseen " Central Fire " was developed in the fifth century BC and has been attributed to the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus. [1][2] The system has been called "the first coherent system in which celestial bodies move in circles", [3] anticipating ...
After the 5th century BC, ... the heliocentric model was eventually shown to be a more correct explanation of the Solar System than the geocentric model, ...
In the 4th century BC Greece, philosophers developed the geocentric model, based on astronomical observation; this model proposed that the center of the Universe lies at the center of a spherical, stationary Earth, around which the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars rotate.
Aryabhatiya (IAST: Āryabhaṭīya) or Aryabhatiyam (Āryabhaṭīyaṃ), a Sanskrit astronomical treatise, is the magnum opus and only known surviving work of the 5th century Indian mathematician Aryabhata. Philosopher of astronomy Roger Billard estimates that the book was composed around 510 CE based on historical references it mentions. [1][2]
The Almagest (/ ˈælmədʒɛst / AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 100 – c. 170) in Koine Greek. [1] One of the most influential scientific texts in history, it canonized a geocentric model of the Universe that was ...
The Wittenberg Interpretation refers to the work of astronomers and mathematicians at the University of Wittenberg in response to the heliocentric model of the Solar System proposed by Nicholas Copernicus, in his 1543 book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. The Wittenberg Interpretation fostered an acceptance of the heliocentric model and had ...