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The blood supply of the rectum changes between the top and bottom portions. [8] The top two thirds is supplied by the superior rectal artery . The lower third is supplied by the middle and inferior rectal arteries .
The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery as it passes above the ischial tuberosity.. Piercing the wall of the pudendal canal, it divides into two or three branches which cross the ischioanal fossa, and are distributed to the muscles and integument of the anal region, and send offshoots around the lower edge of the gluteus maximus to the skin of the buttock.
The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum. Structure The ...
The IMA arises from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta. [2] [3]Its origin is situated at the L3 vertebral level, [2] [3] below the origins of the two renal arteries, [3] 3-4 cm above the aortic bifurcation, [3] [2] at the level of the umbilicus, and posterior to the inferior border of the horizontal (III) part of the duodenum.
The middle rectal artery usually arises from the internal iliac artery. [1] It is distributed to the rectum above the pectinate line. [2] It anastomoses with the inferior vesical artery, superior rectal artery, and inferior rectal artery. [2] In males, the middle rectal artery may give off branches to the prostate and the seminal vesicles.
Sigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses The inferior mesenteric artery and its branches (sigmoid arteries labeled at bottom right)
Venous drainage usually mirrors colonic arterial supply, with the inferior mesenteric vein draining into the splenic vein, and the superior mesenteric vein joining the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein that then enters the liver. Middle rectal veins are an exception, delivering blood to inferior vena cava and bypassing the liver. [24]
The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line. Blood flow to the digestive tract ...