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  2. Biotransducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotransducer

    Biosensors based on type of biotransducers. A biotransducer is the recognition-transduction component of a biosensor system. It consists of two intimately coupled parts; a bio-recognition layer and a physicochemical transducer, which acting together converts a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal.

  3. Signal transduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

    Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. [1]

  4. SMAD (protein) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMAD_(protein)

    The R-Smads consist of Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad5 and Smad8/9, [3] and are involved in direct signaling from the TGF-B receptor. [4]Smad4 is the only known human Co-Smad, and has the role of partnering with R-Smads to recruit co-regulators to the complex.

  5. Transduction (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(genetics)

    An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. [2] [3] [page needed] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it is DNase resistant (transformation is susceptible to ...

  6. Bioinstrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinstrumentation

    Sensor/Transducer: This would be where the transducer would convert one form of energy to another form, and this would be usually electrical energy. An example would be the piezoelectric signal that would convert mechanical vibrations into the electrical signal. A usable output depending on the measurand would be produced by the transducer.

  7. Biosensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor

    The sensor uses a bioreceptor and transducer as outlined above. An example of an in vitro biosensor is an enzyme-conductimetric biosensor for blood glucose monitoring. There is a challenge to create a biosensor that operates by the principle of point-of-care testing, i.e. at the location where the test is needed.

  8. Transduction (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(physiology)

    Principal steps of sensory processing. In physiology, transduction is the translation of arriving stimulus into an action potential by a sensory receptor. It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a sensory receptor.

  9. JAK-STAT signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway

    For example, too much STAT3 activity has been associated with increasing the likelihood of melanoma (skin cancer) returning after treatment and abnormally high levels of STAT5 activity have been linked to a greater probability of patient death from prostate cancer. [65] [64] Altered JAK-STAT signalling can also be involved in developing breast ...