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The archaeology of Iowa is the study of the buried remains of human culture within the U.S. state of Iowa from the earliest prehistoric through the late historic periods. When the American Indians first arrived in what is now Iowa more than 13,000 years ago, they were hunters and gatherers living in a Pleistocene glacial landscape.
At the time of contact with European explorers, their range covered most of Iowa. The Ho-Chunk ranged primarily east of the Mississippi in southern Wisconsin, the Ioway/Baxoje ranged in northern Iowa, the Otoe in central and southern Iowa, and the Missouria in far southern Iowa. [4] [5] [6] All these tribes were also active during the historic ...
The Glenwood Archeological District is a nationally recognized historic district and archaeological sites located near Glenwood, Iowa, United States.It is one of nine sites from the Nebraska Phase of the Woodland period recognized by archaeologists, and the only one located east of the Missouri River. [2]
The Blood Run Site is an archaeological site on the border of the US states of Iowa and South Dakota.The site was essentially populated for 8,500 years, within which earthworks structures were built by the Oneota Culture and occupied by descendant tribes such as the Ioway, Otoe, Missouri, and shared with Quapaw and later Kansa, Osage, and Omaha (who were both Omaha and Ponca at the time) people.
The site is part of the Mill Creek Culture, which flourished in northwest Iowa 1100-1200 CE. [2] [3] The site name is an amalgam of the first letters of the names of the different landowners who allowed access to the site, and is pronounced "chen-yata". It was the scene of the first Iowa Archeological Society field school.
The 7 sites in the Upper Iowa complex are the type sites for the Orr focus. Other Orr focus sites in Wisconsin include Shrake-Gillies, Midway and Pammel Creek. The Orr focus is distinctive from other Oneota Foci mainly in terms of the pottery which is based on rectilinear (instead of curvilinear) decoration and frequent notching on the lip.
The Little Maquoketa River Mounds State Preserve is a state-owned archaeological site and natural area located within the city of Sageville, Iowa, just north of Dubuque, on U.S. Highway 52. It is high up on a limestone ridge above the Little Maquoketa River, [1] not too far from the river's mouth with the Upper Mississippi River.
Glenwood sites in southwest Iowa near the Missouri River appear to be unrelated to the earlier Great Oasis sites, and are notable for their large earthlodge sites. Glenwood sites appear to have been more oriented in lifeways and trade with the Central Plains tradition cultures to the west than with the Mississippian cultures to the southeast.