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[29] [111] Between 1830 and 1870, 840 million guilder (€8 billion in 2018 [112]) were taken from the East Indies, on average making a third of the annual Dutch government budget. [113] [114] The Cultivation System, however, brought much economic hardship to Javanese peasants, who suffered famine and epidemics in the 1840s. [29]
The Dutch colonial empire (Dutch: Nederlandse koloniale rijk) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies—mainly the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company—and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and by the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands after 1815.
After the defeat of Napoleon in 1813–1815, an expanded "United Kingdom of the Netherlands" was created with the House of Orange as monarchs, also ruling Belgium and Luxembourg. After the King imposed unpopular Protestant reforms on Belgium, it left the kingdom in 1830 and new borders were agreed in 1839.
The Dutch Empire is a term comprising different territories that were controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to 20th centuries. They settled outside Europe with skills in trade and transport. [1] In the late 16th century, the Netherlands reclaimed their lead at sea, and by the second half of the 17th century, dominated it.
The economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815) covers the Netherlands as the Habsburg Netherlands, through the era of the Dutch Republic, the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland. After becoming de facto independent from the empire of Philip II of Spain around 1585 the country experienced almost a century of explosive economic ...
The Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Commissarissen-generaal over Nederlandsch-Indië as they called themselves [1]) was a commission instituted by the Dutch king William I of the Netherlands in 1815 to implement the provisions of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 and take over the government of the Dutch Indies from the British lieutenant-governor of Java, John Fendall.
A blank map of Europe ca. 1815: Image title: This is a map Europe, circa 1815, following the Congress of Vienna. ... Skye, various smaller islands), the Netherlands ...
The Netherlands began its colonization of the Americas with the establishment of trading posts and plantations, which preceded the much wider known colonization activities of the Dutch in Asia. While the first Dutch fort in Asia was built in 1600 in present-day Indonesia , the first forts and settlements along the Essequibo River in Guyana date ...