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Phentermine is an norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) and produces stimulant, rewarding, and appetite suppressant effects. [8] [9] [10] Chemically, it is a substituted amphetamine. [11] Phentermine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [3]
Subsequently, amphetamine was used in the treatment of narcolepsy, obesity, hay fever, orthostatic hypotension, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, alcoholism and migraine. [12] [15] The "reinforcing" effects of substituted amphetamines were quickly discovered, and the misuse of substituted amphetamines had been noted as far back as 1936. [15]
Phentermine and topiramate was developed by Vivus, a California pharmaceutical company. In December 2009, Vivus, Inc. submitted a new drug application (NDA) to the FDA and on 1 March 2010, Vivus, Inc. announced that the FDA accepted the NDA for review.
Amphetamine [note 2] (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine.
Amphetamine, the prototypical NDRA.. A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain.
Phentermine is a substituted amphetamine and topiramate has an unknown mechanism of action Approved for weight management (short-term) by the FDA but not the European Medicines Agency [ 54 ] 10% [ 55 ] or 8.25 kilograms (18.2 lb) [ 56 ]
Amphetamine and methamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants used to treat a variety of conditions. When used recreationally, they are colloquially known as "speed" or sometimes "crank". [1] Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who named it phenylisopropylamine.
For the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — e.g., amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methamphetamine [8] [10] As anorectics in the treatment of obesity and binge-eating disorder — e.g., amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, phentermine, benzphetamine, phenmetrazine, aminorex [8] [9] [11]