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Arachnoid granulations (also arachnoid villi, and Pacchionian granulations or bodies) are small outpouchings of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space into the dural venous sinuses of the brain. The granulations are thought to mediate the draining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the venous system .
The arachnoid mater (or simply arachnoid) is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is so named because of its resemblance to a spider web . The arachnoid mater is a derivative of the neural crest mesoectoderm in the embryo.
[1] [2] They receive blood from the cerebral veins, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations. They mainly empty into the internal jugular vein. [2] Cranial venous sinuses communicate with veins outside the skull through emissary veins. These communications help to keep the pressure of blood in the ...
Arachnoid villi are formed around the 35th week of development, with arachnoid granulations noted around the 39th, and continuing developing until 18 months of age. [3] The subcommissural organ secretes SCO-spondin, which forms Reissner's fiber within CSF assisting movement through the cerebral aqueduct. It is present in early intrauterine life ...
Time-resolved 2D phase-contrast MRI with velocity encoding is the most common method for CSF ... brain's lymphatic system and be absorbed by arachnoid granulations.
Embryologically, the arachnoid trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges. The initial development of the subarachnoid space occurs in two phases: [13] A mesenchymal layer "invades" between the embryonic epithelium and the developing neuroepithelium of the telencephalon.
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This may be due to functional impairment of the arachnoidal granulations (also called arachnoid granulations or Pacchioni's granulations), which are located along the superior sagittal sinus, and is the site of CSF reabsorption back into the venous system. Various neurologic conditions may result in communicating hydrocephalus, including ...