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  2. Speeds and feeds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeds_and_feeds

    A slower feed rate usually results in a finer surface as more cuts are made for any length of wood. Spindle speed becomes important in the operation of routers, spindle moulders or shapers, and drills. Older and smaller routers often rotate at a fixed spindle speed, usually between 20,000 and 25,000 rpm.

  3. Surface feet per minute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_feet_per_minute

    It relates to spindle speed via variables such as cutter diameter (for rotating cutters) or workpiece diameter (for lathe work). SFM is a combination of diameter and the velocity ( RPM ) of the material measured in feet-per-minute as the spindle of a milling machine or lathe . 1 SFM equals 0.00508 surface meter per second (meter per second, or ...

  4. Milling cutter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutter

    Typical values for cutting speed are 10m/min to 60m/min for some steels, and 100m/min and 600m/min for aluminum. This should not be confused with the feed rate. This value is also known as "tangential velocity." Spindle speed (S) This is the rotation speed of the tool, and is measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

  5. Wood shaper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_shaper

    The standard US spindle shaft is 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 in (44 mm), with 3 ⁄ 4 or 1 ⁄ 2 in (19 or 13 mm) on small shapers and 30 mm on European models. Most spindles are tall enough to accommodate more than one cutter head, allowing rapid tooling changes by raising or lowering desired heads into position. Additional spindles can be fitted with pre ...

  6. Milling (machining) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_(machining)

    A turret mill has a fixed spindle and the table is moved both perpendicular and parallel to the spindle axis to accomplish cutting. Some turret mills have a quill which allows the milling cutter (or a drill) to be raised and lowered in a manner similar to a drill press.

  7. Drill bit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit

    The diameter-to-length ratio of the drill bit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios are possible (e.g., "aircraft-length" twist bits, pressured-oil gun drill bits , etc.), but the higher the ratio, the greater the technical challenge of producing good work.

  8. Machining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machining

    In addition, the device must be moved laterally across the work. This is a much slower motion called the feed. The remaining dimension of the cut is the penetration of the cutting tool below the original work surface, reaching the cut's depth. Speed, feed, and depth of cut are called the cutting conditions. [8]

  9. Indexing head - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indexing_head

    The work may be rotated and then locked into place before the cutter is applied, or it may be rotated during cutting depending on the type of machining being done. Most dividing heads operate at a 40:1 ratio; that is 40 turns of the hand crank generates 1 revolution of the spindle or workpiece.