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In a similar experiment to reproduce Native American agricultural practices in Minnesota, Munson-Scullin and Scullin reported that over three years, the per-acre annual maize yields declined from 40 to 30 to 25 bushels (2.5, 1.9, and 1.6 t/ha). [16] Other scholars have estimated lower average yields of maize.
Some Indian women preferred the bone hoe even after the iron hoe was introduced by European traders and settlers. [18] Sunflowers were the earliest crop planted in spring. Sunflowers were planted in clumps around the edges of fields. Maize was next planted. Indian planting techniques are called Three Sisters agriculture. About five maize seeds ...
A map of the pre-historic cultures of the American Southwest ca 1200 CE. Several Hohokam settlements are shown. The agricultural practices of the Native Americans inhabiting the American Southwest, which includes the states of Arizona and New Mexico plus portions of surrounding states and neighboring Mexico, are influenced by the low levels of precipitation in the region.
Indian Potato - roots of two native species- Apios americana and Apios priceana; Jerusalem artichoke - specific species of sunflower with large, edible root. Lily Bulbs- several species in Lilium family; Oca - specific species of Oxalis, or Wood Sorrel with large edible root. Tobacco Root - (species of Velerian, not actual tobacco)
Native American agricultural communities have commonly used tools such as the hoe, maul, and dibber. The hoe is the main tool used to till the land and prepare it for planting; and later used for weeding.
American Indian Food. Greenwood Press, 2005. Carlson, Leonard A. Indians, Bureaucrats and Land: The Dawes Act and the Decline of Indian Farming. Greenwood Press, 1981. Duer, Douglas, Nancy J. Turner. Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America. University of Washington Press, 2005.
Stumickosúcks of the Kainai. George Catlin, 1832 Comanches capturing wild horses with lassos, approximately July 16, 1834 Spotted Tail of the Lakota Sioux. Plains Indians or Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have historically lived on the Interior Plains (the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies) of ...
Agriculture in the Southwest was based on the cultivation of maize, beans, squash and sunflower seeds. [9] The Tepary bean Phaseolus acutifolius has been a staple food of Native peoples in the Southwest for thousands of years on account of their tolerance of drought conditions. They require wet soil to germinate but then prefer dry conditions ...