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The sixteenth edition of the Chicago Manual of Style [1] calls for the beginning of the text to begin with the Arabic number 1, while the front matter that precedes it is to be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals. If the front matter is extensive and a second half-title page is included, it is to be numbered as page 1 and its verso as page 2.
Front matter (or preliminaries; shortened to "prelims") comprises the first section of a book, and is usually the smallest section in terms of the number of pages. Front matter pages are traditionally numbered in lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.), which obviates renumbering the remainder of a book when front matter content is ...
Also often included there are the ISBN and a "printer's key", also known as the "number line", which indicates the print run to which the volume belongs. The first printed books, or incunabula, did not have title pages: the text simply begins on the first page, and the book is often identified by the initial words—the incipit—of the text ...
Pages 1 and 16, for example, are printed on the same side of the physical sheet of paper, combining recto and verso sides of different leaves. The number of pages in a book using this binding technique must thus be a multiple of four, and the number of leaves must be a multiple of two, but unused pages are typically left unnumbered and uncounted.
If the front matter is paginated, it uses lowercase Roman numerals. If there is both a foreword and a preface, the foreword appears first; both appear before the introduction, which may be paginated either with the front matter or the main text. The word foreword was first used around the mid-17th century, originally as a term in philology.
The format and location of the page numbers is a matter of style for the publisher. If the page numbers appear after the heading text, they might be preceded by characters called leaders, usually dots or periods, that run from the chapter or section titles on the opposite side of the page, or the page numbers might remain closer to the titles ...
The number of calories you need to cut to shed pounds depends on your weight, daily calorie burn, hormones, and more. However, a good rule of thumb: Eating 500 fewer calories per day will help you ...
Thus, the front endpapers precede the title page and the text, whereas the back endpapers follow the text. [2] Booksellers sometimes refer to the front endpaper as FEP. Before mass printing in the 20th century, it was common for the endpapers of books to have paper marbling. Sometimes the endpapers are used for maps or other relevant information.