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Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections , with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
The signs and symptoms of colitis are quite variable and dependent on the cause of the given colitis and factors that modify its course and severity. [2]Common symptoms of colitis may include: mild to severe abdominal pains and tenderness (depending on the stage of the disease), persistent hemorrhagic diarrhea with pus either present or absent in the stools, fecal incontinence, flatulence ...
Early radiation enteritis is caused by cell death of the crypt epithelium and subsequent mucosal inflammation, however usually subsides after the course of radiation therapy is completed. Delayed radiation enteritis is a chronic disease which has a complex pathogenesis involving changes in the majority of the intestinal wall.
When infecting the large intestine of humans, they often cause gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, and bloody diarrhea (hence the name "enterohemorrhagic") and sometimes cause a severe complication called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). [3] [4] Cattle are an important natural reservoir for EHEC because the colonised adult ruminants are asymptomatic.
In health, immune cells secrete TGFβ and retinoic acid to promote the differentiation of Tregs, which regulate the inflammatory behavior of effector T cells. [22] During Crohn's disease, microbiome alterations, intestinal barrier permeability, and deficient innate immunity enable pathogens to enter the gut tissue.
Neutropenic enterocolitis, also known as typhlitis, is an inflammation of the cecum (part of the large intestine) that may be associated with infection. [1] It is particularly associated with neutropenia , a low level of neutrophil granulocytes (the most common form of white blood cells ) in the blood.
The doctor will take a medical history to make sure that nothing else is causing the symptoms. Also, the doctor might perform a rectal or abdominal examination to exclude the possibilities of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease) and pelvic abscesses (pockets of pus).
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non IgE-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food, most likely food protein.As opposed to the more common IgE food allergy, which presents within seconds with rash, hives, difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis, FPIES presents with a delayed reaction where vomiting is the primary symptom.