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Because Canada's role in the Atlantic slave trade was comparatively limited, the history of Black slavery in Canada is often overshadowed by the more tumultuous slavery practised elsewhere in the Americas. [8]
The Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped African Americans escape from slavery in the South to free states in the north and to Canada. [4] Harriet Tubman helped enslaved Black people escape to Canada. [5] Around some 1,500 African Americans migrated to the Plains region of Canada in the years between 1905 and 1912.
The museum resides on the Dawn settlement, a community formed by Josiah Henson, a Methodist preacher and runaway slave who escaped to Canada 28 October 1830. [2] Henson arrived in Canada in 1830, although he returned to the United States on a number of occasions, to encourage and facilitate the escape of other slaves to Canada as a conductor for the Underground Railroad. [2]
Black women in Canada outnumber black men by 40,000. Among Black Canadians, those in Nunavut have the highest average income at $86,505. Those in Prince Edward Island have the lowest at $24,835. [108] Below is a list of provinces and territories, with the number of Black Canadians in each and their percentage of the population. [109]
As a French colony, slavery existed under Le Code Noir. [31] This influenced later policies where black people were seen as inferior to white people. In the education system, black children were streamed into different careers, creating a segregated workforce. In the 1950s, black women were only permitted to settle in Quebec if they were ...
Canada had also practiced segregation, and a Canadian Ku Klux Klan exists. [38] [39] Racial profiling occurs in cities such as Halifax, Toronto and Montreal. [40] [41] Black people made up 3% of the Canadian population in 2016, and 9% of the population of Toronto (which has the largest communities of Caribbean and African immigrants). [42]
In the mid-nineteenth century, black slaves were fleeing the United States by the thousands and coming north to Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick, via the Underground Railroad, the vast majority of these fugitive slaves arriving in Southwestern Ontario, crossing mainly over the Detroit River and to a lesser extent the Niagara River.
It is a community-based, non-profit museum that tells the story of African-Canadians' history and contributions. Founded in 1975 by local residents, it preserves and presents artifacts of African-Canadians, many of whose ancestors had entered Canada as refugees from United States slavery.