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Ketogenesis pathway. The three ketone bodies (acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate) are marked within orange boxes. Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.
Alpha-hydroxy ketones are also called acyloins. [1] They are commonly formed by condensation or reductive coupling of two carbonyl (C=O) compounds or oxidation of ketones. The simplest such compound is hydroxyacetone. If the alcohol is primary, alpha-hydroxy ketones give a positive Fehling's test. Beta-hydroxy ketones are a type of aldol.
α-hydroxy ketones give positive Tollens' and Fehling's test. Some acyloins rearrange with positions swapped under the influence of base in the Lobry–de Bruyn–van Ekenstein transformation A similar reaction is the so-called Voigt amination [ 6 ] where an acyloin reacts with a primary amine and phosphorus pentoxide to an α-keto amine: [ 7 ]
It is an α-hydroxyketone, also called a ketol, and is the simplest hydroxy ketone structure. It is a colorless, distillable liquid. It is a colorless, distillable liquid. Preparation
Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis. While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood pH and requires medical attention.
As a result, propionyl-CoA, propionic acid, ketones, ammonia, and other toxic compounds accumulate in the blood, causing the signs and symptoms of propionic acidemia. Hyperammonemia develops due to the inhibitory effects of propionyl-CoA on N-acetylglutamate synthase , indirectly resulting in slowing of the urea cycle .
Beta-hydroxy ketones (2 C, 2 P) H. Hydroxyquinones (5 C, 2 P) T. Tropolones (11 P) Pages in category "Hydroxyketones"
Conditions in which metabolism is increased, such as hyperthyroidism, fever, pregnancy or lactation. In non-diabetic persons, ketonuria may occur during acute illness or severe stress. Approximately 15% of hospitalized patients may have ketonuria, even though they do not have diabetes.