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HMS Dreadnought.The 1902, 1904 and 1907 agreements with Japan, France and Russia allowed Britain to refocus resources during the Anglo-German naval arms race. In explaining why Britain went to war with Germany, British historian Paul Kennedy (1980) argued that a critical factor was the British realisation that Germany was rapidly becoming economically more powerful than Britain.
Critical however was the flow of oil for ships, lorries and industrial use. There were no oil wells in Britain so everything was imported. The U.S. pumped two-thirds of the world's oil. In 1917, total British consumption was 827 million barrels, of which 85 percent was supplied by the United States, and 6 percent by Mexico. [151]
A 1917 poster designed by Robert Baden-Powell encouraging civilian participation in the war effort. This is a timeline of the British home front during the First World War from 1914 to 1918. This conflict was the first modern example of total war in the United Kingdom ; innovations included the mobilisation of the workforce, including many ...
An ally to the United States by treaty (see ABC countries). Netherlands – An ally of the United Kingdom by treaty. Traded with both sides. Norway – Gave naval assistance to the United Kingdom. Paraguay; Persia – Occupied by British and Russian troops. Spain – Also treaty bound ally to the United Kingdom.
"World War One Timeline". UK: BBC. "New Zealand and the First World War (timeline)". New Zealand Government. "Timeline: Australia in the First World War, 1914-1918". Australian War Memorial. "World War I: Declarations of War from around the Globe". Law Library of Congress. "Timeline of the First World War on 1914-1918-Online.
The United States had a direct war cost about $12.3 billion; it made loans to Allies of $5.041 billion. Russia had a direct war cost about $7.7 billion; it received loans from Allies (United States and Britain) of $2.289 billion. [35] In 1914 Britain had by far the largest and most efficient financial system in the world. [36]
The British Working Class and Enthusiasm for War, 1914–1916 (2005) [ISBN missing] Simmonds, Alan G. V. Britain and World War One (2011) excerpt and text search; Storey, Neil R. Women in the First World War (2010) Swift, David. "The War Emergency: Workers' National Committee." History Workshop Journal 81 (2016): 84-105. Swift, David.
In 1900, the British had a 3.7:1 tonnage advantage over Germany; in 1910, the ratio was 2.3:1 and in 1914, it reached 2.1:1. Ferguson argues: "So decisive was the British victory in the naval arms race that it is hard to regard it as in any meaningful sense a cause of the First World War."