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In geometry, a spherical sector, [1] also known as a spherical cone, [2] is a portion of a sphere or of a ball defined by a conical boundary with apex at the center of the sphere. It can be described as the union of a spherical cap and the cone formed by the center of the sphere and the base of the cap.
An example of a spherical cap in blue (and another in red) In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane.It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane.
A cone with a region including its apex cut off by a plane is called a truncated cone; if the truncation plane is parallel to the cone's base, it is called a frustum. [1] An elliptical cone is a cone with an elliptical base. [ 1 ]
Spherical coordinates are also useful in analyzing systems that have some degree of symmetry about a point, including: volume integrals inside a sphere; the potential energy field surrounding a concentrated mass or charge; or global weather simulation in a planet's atmosphere.
The Egyptians knew the correct formula for the volume of such a truncated square pyramid, but no proof of this equation is given in the Moscow papyrus. The volume of a conical or pyramidal frustum is the volume of the solid before slicing its "apex" off, minus the volume of this "apex":
The value 75.4 = 24 π, where 24 π substitutes for factor of 12 π in the formula for a volume of frustum of a cone encompassing a full tree using one base circumference, converting it to a volume formula that uses a basal circumference that is the average of circumferences C 1 and C 2.
visual proof cone volume: Image title: Proof without words that the volume of a cone is a third of a cylinder of equal diameter and height by CMG Lee. 1. A cone and a cylinder have radius r and height h. 2. Their volume ratio is maintained when the height is scaled to h' = r √Π. 3. The cone is decomposed into thin slices. 4.
As the local density of a packing in an infinite space can vary depending on the volume over which it is measured, the problem is usually to maximise the average or asymptotic density, measured over a large enough volume. For equal spheres in three dimensions, the densest packing uses approximately 74% of the volume.