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Such is the idea of proportional approval voting (PAV). It satisifes an adaptation of PR called extended justified representation (EJR). [110] When there are many seats to be filled, as in a legislature, counting ballots under PAV may not be feasible, so sequential variants have been used, such as sequential proportional approval voting (SPAV).
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory tier with party lists, in a way that produces proportional representation overall.
Sequential proportional approval voting is a greedy approximation for PAV with a worst-case approximation ratio of /, so the PAV score of the resulting committee is at least 63% of the optimal. [16] This method can be computed in polynomial time, and the election outcome could potentially be determined by hand.
The quota methods begin by calculating an entitlement (basic number of seats) for each party, by dividing their vote totals by an electoral quota (a fixed number of votes needed to win a seat, as a unit). Then, leftover seats, if any are allocated by rounding up the apportionment for some parties.
The vote counting under STV is actually simpler than primaries, which are no longer necessary if STV is used. [3] As with all voting systems, even if PR-STV is understood, areas of controversy surrounding its use remain. PR-STV is a form of proportional representation so issues relating to that form of electing also impacts acceptance of STV.
Poster for the European Parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party lists. Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
Single vote - plurality methods. First preference plurality (FPP) ... Dual-member proportional; Rural–urban proportional; Majority jackpot; By ballot type. Single vote.
The Webster/Sainte-Laguë method is generally seen as more proportional, but risks an outcome where a party with more than half the votes can win fewer than half the seats. [ 31 ] When there are two parties, the Webster method is the unique divisor method which is identical to the Hamilton method . [ 32 ] :