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In 1380, despite the threat from Tokhtamysh, Mamai chose to personally lead his army against the forces of Moscow. In preparation for the invasion, he allied with Prince Jogaila of Lithuania. Ryazan Prince Oleg was defeated by Mamai in 1378 (and his capital was burnt), he had no strength to resist Mamai, and Ryazan's relationship with Moscow ...
Gradually, the regiments of the new system forced out the old army. Unlike the traditional formation troops, the new regiments were outfitted and salaried at treasury expense. [4] By 1680, the regiments of the new system accounted for up to 67% of the entire army, they numbered about 90 thousand people.
The bulk of the army were mounted archers, [8] who included Boyars, landed gentry ("Boyars' children") and armed slaves. [ citation needed ] Under Tatar influence, the mail and lamellar armour of Kievan Rus' was replaced with brigandine ("Kuyak") , mail and plate ("Behterets") and mirror armour ("Zertsalo") , [ 9 ] while poor noblemen and armed ...
In early 1380, Tokhtamysh was able to advance on Sarai and to obtain the submission and abdication of Khan ʿArab Shāh. The advance of Tokhtamysh, and his continued success (he conquered Astrakhan later in 1380), sabotaged Mamai's hopes of avenging his defeat at Kulikovo. Mamai was now forced to oppose Tokhtamysh on the Kalka River. Perhaps at ...
The invading Chinese army destroys Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol Empire. [13] August 5 – Battle of Otterburn: A Scottish army, led by James Douglas, defeats an English army, capturing their leader, Harry Hotspur. Douglas is killed during the battle. August 27 – Battle of Bileća: The Bosnians check the Ottoman advance.
The army was created by the Russian Tsar Peter I on the basis of the Zheldaks (Russian: Желдаки), later called by historians, that began to appear in Russia during the reign of his father, regiments of the new (foreign) system, Streltsy army and Cossacks, taking into account the latest European achievements in the field of military art.
The feudal militia, raised by the boyars-landowners and individual princes, came to replace popular militia. Princes (except in the Novgorod Republic) gathered and commanded the army. During the period of the Mongol invasions, the Rus' adopted much of Mongol military tactics and organization. While militia infantry still existed, they were ...
1380–89) as part of an army of more than twelve thousand troops, which defeated Salim. [6] The Bozdoğan tribe's alliance with the Aq Qoyunlu persisted in 1398, when Sa'd al-Mulk was involved in the execution of Kadi Burhan al-Din by Qara Yuluk, the leader of the Aq Qoyunlu (r. 1378–1435). [7]