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The personalised nature of the Shah's government, where prevention of any possible competitor to the monarch trumped efficient and effective government and led to the crown's cultivation of divisions within the army and the political elite, [91] ultimately leading to a lack of support for the regime by its natural allies when needed most ...
The Iranian Revolution was a gendered revolution; much of the new regime's rhetoric was centered on the position of women in society. [178] Beyond rhetoric, thousands of women were also heavily mobilized in the revolution itself, [179] and different groups of women actively participated alongside their male counterparts. [180]
A group of critics believe that the author has leftist intellectual tendencies. [8] And he is one of the orientalists who, with a Marxist theoretical framework, aims to examine the course of social developments in Iran between the two constitutional revolution and the Islamic revolution, and it seems that with emphasizing on the economic factors, the author intended to show that the Iranian ...
The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, [194] was the revolution that transformed Iran from an absolute monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, one of the leaders of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic. [22]
Abrahamian, E. “Reform, Revolution, and the Great War.” A History of Modern Iran. New York: Cambridge University Press. (2008). Afshari, M. R. “The Pishivaran and Merchants in Precapitalist Iranian Society: An Essay on the Background and Causes of the Constitutional Revolution.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 15(2), 133-155.
The history of modern science in Iran dates back to the year 1851 and the establishment of Darolfonoon – which was founded as a result of the efforts of Mirza Taghi Khan Amir Kabir, aiming at training and teaching Iranian experts on many fields of sciences, and it was the future minded Abbas Mirza who first dispatched students to Europe to ...
The Radical Movement of Iran (Persian: نهضت راديكال ايران) was a political party in Iran during the Iranian Revolution. The party was allied with the Muslim People's Republic Party , [ 3 ] and opposed to the clerical Islamic Republican Party .
He was appointed chief of staff of Iran's armed forces in 1971 and his tenure lasted until 1978. [3] He served as interim prime minister of a military government until a civilian government could be chosen. He served as prime minister from 6 November 1978 to 31 December 1978. [4] [5] He formed the first military government in Iran since 1953. [3]