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The Hereford is a British breed of beef cattle originally from Herefordshire in the West Midlands of England. [3] It was the result of selective breeding from the mid-eighteenth century by a few families in Herefordshire, beginning some decades before the noted work of Robert Bakewell .
A Hereford cow licks her newborn calf clean. A cow calf operation is a method of rearing beef cattle in which a permanent herd of cows is kept by a farmer or rancher to produce calves for later sale. Cow–calf operations are one of the key aspects of the beef industry in the United States and many other countries. [1]
An American breeder, Richard Gradwohl, has developed eighteen different strains of miniature cattle. [3] Miniature Galloway, Hereford and Holstein have been bred. [2]: 245 [3] In the United States, small zebuine cattle deriving from stock imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden may be registered as "Miniature Zebu"; [2]: 245 Similar cattle are known as "Nadudana" in Australia. [14]
The Black Hereford is a crossbreed of beef cattle produced in Britain and Ireland with Hereford beef bulls with Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Black Herefords are not usually maintained from generation to generation, but are constantly produced as a byproduct of dairy farming as a terminal cross .
The Hereford is a hardy breed of beef cattle, now raised in many countries around the world. Main articles: Meat industry , Cattle , Sheep farming , Pig farming , and Cuniculture Meat , mainly from farmed animals, is a major source of dietary protein and essential nutrients around the world, averaging about 8% of man's energy intake. [ 60 ]
The Hereford Cattle Society (formerly the Hereford Herd Book Society, also known as the Hereford Breed Society) is the British breeding authority on Hereford Cattle, and the originator of the breed's herd book. Founded in 1878 as the Hereford Herd Book Society (under the patronage of Queen Victoria), the Herd Book for the breed was open between ...
Thomas Lewis founded his Hereford herd at The Woodhouse, Shobdon, Herefordshire in 1822, [2] 24 years before the publication of the first Hereford Cattle Herd Book. Many animals were exported from The Woodhouse Herd especially to the United States of America in the boom years of the 1880s, [3] although Hereford cattle had first been introduced to the country in either 1816 or 1817. [4]
Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Bos indicus (or Bos taurus indicus ) cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as India, Sub-saharan Africa, China, and Southeast Asia.