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Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. [1] Approximately 1060 species are known. [2] They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material.
For Zygomycota, sexual reproduction occurs when the haploid hyphae from two individuals join to form a zygosporangium in response to unfavorable conditions. The haploid nuclei within the zygosporangium then fuse into diploid nuclei. [5]
The gametangia grow toward each other, then fuse, forming a diploid zygote at the point of fusion. The zygote develops a resistant cell wall, forming a single-celled zygospore, the characteristic that gives its name to this group of fungi. Meiosis occurs within the zygospore (see article Phycomyces). Upon germination, a new haploid mycelium or ...
However, when starved, diploid cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. [13] Mating occurs when haploid cells of opposite mating type, MATa and MATα, come into contact. Ruderfer et al. [14] pointed out that such contacts are frequent between closely related yeast cells for two reasons. The first is that cells of opposite mating type are ...
It is thought that ordinarily two surviving nuclei, one from each parent, fuse to form a diploid cell that then undergoes meiosis to form haploid meiotic products. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These products then reproduce by mitotic divisions leading to the formation of a sporangium structure (germosporangium) that develops out from the zygospore.
Diagram showing the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte (bottom) and a haploid gametophyte (top) A sporophyte (/ ˈ s p ɔːr. ə ˌ f aɪ t /) is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores. This stage alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte phase.
A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists.Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mating types (in heterothallic fungi), and may be chlamydospores. [1]
It is the stage of the life cycle when a cell gives rise to haploid cells each having half as many chromosomes as the parental cell. Two such haploid gametes, ordinarily arising from different individual organisms, fuse by the process of fertilization, thus completing the sexual cycle. Meiosis is ubiquitous among eukaryotes.