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The Riemann zeta function ζ(z) plotted with domain coloring. [1] The pole at = and two zeros on the critical line.. The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as () = = = + + + for >, and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
Use of Hankel contours is one of the methods of contour integration. This type of path for contour integrals was first used by Hermann Hankel in his investigations of the Gamma function . The Hankel contour is used to evaluate integrals such as the Gamma function, the Riemann zeta function , and other Hankel functions (which are Bessel ...
The first example in which zeta function regularization is available appears in the Casimir effect, which is in a flat space with the bulk contributions of the quantum field in three space dimensions. In this case we must calculate the value of Riemann zeta function at –3, which diverges explicitly.
Since the Hurwitz zeta function is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function, we have γ n (1)=γ n The zeroth constant is simply the digamma-function γ 0 (a)=-Ψ(a), [28] while other constants are not known to be reducible to any elementary or classical function of analysis. Nevertheless, there are numerous representations for them.
Z function in the complex plane, plotted with a variant of domain coloring. Z function in the complex plane, zoomed out. In mathematics, the Z function is a function used for studying the Riemann zeta function along the critical line where the argument is one-half.
Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be 1 / 2 . In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = 1 / 2 + yi where y is a real number.
where ζ(s) is the Riemann zeta function (which is undefined for s = 1). The multiplicities of distinct prime factors of X are independent random variables. The Riemann zeta function being the sum of all terms for positive integer k, it appears thus as the normalization of the Zipf distribution. The terms "Zipf distribution" and the "zeta ...
The Darboux integral is defined whenever the Riemann integral is, and always gives the same result. Conversely, the gauge integral is a simple but more powerful generalization of the Riemann integral and has led some educators to advocate that it should replace the Riemann integral in introductory calculus courses. [12]